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橋本有菜英文名

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橋本有菜英文名作者：腹部醫學影像論壇
Hashimoto thyroiditis, also known as lymphocytic thyroiditis or chronic autoimmune thyroiditis, is a subtype of autoimmune thyroiditis. It is one of the most common thyroid disorders.
Radiographic features
【Hashimoto Thyroiditis 橋本甲狀腺炎】
橋本甲狀腺炎，又叫淋巴細胞性甲狀腺炎或慢性自免性甲狀腺炎，是自免性甲狀腺炎的一種亞型 。是最常見的甲狀腺疾病之一 。
Ultrasound
It is difficult to reliably sonographically differentiate Hashimoto thyroiditis from other thyroid pathology. Ultrasound features can be variable depending on the severity and phase of disease :
diffusely enlarged thyroid gland with a heterogeneous echotexture is a common sonographic presentation；
the presence of hypoechoic micronodules (1-6 mm)with surrounding echogenic septations is also considered to have a relatively high positive predictive values .This appearance may be described as pseudonodular or a giraffe pattern;
colour Doppler study usually shows normal or decreased flow, but occasionally there might be hypervascularity similar to a thyroid inferno;
prominent reactive cervical nodes may be present, especially in level VI, but they have normal morphologic features;
patients are at higher risk for papillary thyroid carcinoma, so a discrete nodule should be considered for biopsy;
In some situations, large nodules may be present, which may be referred to as nodular Hashimoto thyroiditis 10.
影像表現：
超聲：很難在聲像圖上鑒別橋本甲狀腺炎與其他甲狀腺疾病 。超聲表現取決于疾病的嚴重程度與時期 。
-甲狀腺彌漫性增大、回聲不均質是常見的超聲表現 。
-低回聲微結節（1-6mm）伴周圍回聲分隔，也考慮較高的陽性值 。該征象稱為“假結節征”或“長頸鹿征” 。
-彩色多普勒超聲顯示血流信號正常或減低，但有時也會有豐富的血流信號，類似“甲狀腺火海征” 。
-主要的表現可能為頸部結節，特別是在6級病變中，但甲狀腺形態正常 。
-橋本甲狀腺炎的患者有患乳頭狀甲狀腺癌的高風險，因此單發孤立結節應考慮活檢 。
某些情況下會表現為大結節，可能會是結節性橋本甲狀腺炎 。
【橋本有菜英文名】Nuclear medicine
Radioactive iodine
early stages: may show increased uptake
late stages: single or multiple areas of reduced uptake (cold spots)
核醫學
放射性碘
-早期：可表現為高度濃聚
-晚期：單發或多發濃聚減低（冷結節）
Pathology
There is autoimmunity to the thyroid gland which bears both humoral-and cell-mediated features. This is followed by lymphocytic
infiltration of the thyroid gland with lymphoid follicles replacing thyroid follicles. This may affect the thyroid gland in either a diffuse or focal manner. Cell populations include:
lymphocytic aggregates
transformed follicular cells
(Askanazy/oxyphilic/Hurthle cells)
Later stages show superadded fibrosis.
病理表現：甲狀腺是自身調節的腺體，受激素水平和細胞介導通路的調節 。由于淋巴細胞的浸潤，導致淋巴濾泡取代了正常的甲狀腺濾泡 。以彌漫或局灶性的方式侵犯甲狀腺 。細胞群包括：
-淋巴細胞聚集 。
-濾泡細胞轉運（Askanazy/親氧/Hurthle細胞） 。
晚期表現為極度的纖維化 。
Notes：
1. Hashimoto thyroiditis [?θa????'da?t?s] n. 橋本甲狀腺炎
2. lymphocytic [?l?mf?'sa?t?k] adj. 淋巴細胞的
3. echotexture [e??'tekst??] 回聲特性
4. morphologic [?m?:f?'l?d??k] adj. 形態學（上）

橋本有菜英文名

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